Study participants were recruited in two ways: (1) all eligible VIIDAI clinic patients were invited to participate after registering for a clinic appointment and (2) households in the community were randomly selected and eligible residents in those households were invited to participate. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of LTBI among adult residents of an agricultural community in San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico. During one of these trips, a survey was conducted that included free TB testing. The program, entitled VIIDAI, involves the efforts of medical and public health school faculty and students who organize and conduct clinical, epidemiological and health promotion activities during each trip. universities, semi-annual clinics are conducted in an agricultural community (Colonia) that is open to all residents seeking primary medical care. Through a collaboration between one Mexican and two U.S. Migrant populations with lower socioeconomic status, have higher rates of active TB and diagnosis can be delayed during migration yet little is known about the prevalence of TB infection (LTBI) within these populations. Once relocated to the northern border state of Baja California, residents may have opportunity for interaction with others in the U.S./Mexico border region through personal travel or visitation from others. or to take advantage of higher paying jobs in the agricultural industry in Baja California. Residents of rural communities in Baja California often migrate from impoverished regions in the south of Mexico in hopes of migrating to the U.S. are foreign-born, of which 23% were born in Mexico where Baja California has the highest TB rate (57.3 per 100,000 pop.) among the border states. Furthermore, 49% of the TB cases in the U.S. In both countries, the states forming each side of the border have TB rates 1.5 times the national average. In North America, TB rates are higher in the border region of the United States (U.S.) and Mexico than their respective national rates. Newer tests, including the in vitro QuantiFERON ®-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) do not react to antigens in the BCG vaccine and thus give more sensitive and specific estimates of infection. However, LTBI treatment in Mexico is hampered by universal immunization with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) that can cause a false positive reaction on the tuberculin skin test (TST) making this widely used TB test unreliable. Treatment of LTBI for 9 months with the drug isoniazid reduces the risk of progression to active TB by over 75%. The risk of progression from LTBI to active TB is increased by several factors including HIV coinfection, immunosuppression, malnutrition, chronic degenerative diseases, injection drug use, and residence or employment in congregate settings. A person progressing from LTBI to active disease can infect between 10 and 15 people while untreated, complicating the challenges faced by underfunded TB control programs in regions with high TB burden. The overall lifetime risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) progressing to active TB is estimated at 5–10%. tuberculosis infections do not result in active TB and remain latent, depending on the virulence of the organism and the host response. It is estimated that one-third of the world’s population is infected with M. The WHO estimated 9.27 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths occurred globally of TB in 2007. Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major public health burden globally, disproportionately affecting underdeveloped countries and migrant populations. bovis infection, previously reported among Mexican migrants living in U.S. Higher QFT-positivity among those consuming unpasteurized milk could indicate M. suggests the potential for TB transmission across borders. High LTBI prevalence in this community emphasizes the need for TB education and LTBI treatment for its residents. Having crossed the U.S.-Mexican border since living in San Quintin ( P = 0.03), consuming unpasteurized milk ( P = 0.02) and receiving health care at IMSS-Oportunidades in the last 6 months ( P = 0.03) were independently associated with QFT-positivity. Residents completed a questionnaire and had their blood tested for LTBI using the QuantiFERON ®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) assay. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among residents of a migrant agricultural community in San Quintín, Baja-California, Mexico.
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